Works in the series Contest, begun in 2018, abstractly visualize colonization by continent or region. The series includes mixed media paintings on atlas pages and paintings on large maps collaged onto boards. In most of these works, colonizing exploits are represented by painterly brushstrokes connecting colonizer and colonized countries, or extending their direction off the map image.

The focus of the 2020 painting Poland, its shifting borders, and all its legendary, semi-legendary, and historic rulers 6th century – 1795 (when it disappeared from the map for 123 years), however, is different. The painting's two primary subjects are Poland’s frequently changing borders (including those of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), and the colorful names and nicknames of many of its rulers throughout history. Both are visualized on top of a whitewashed wall map of the country. The changing borders are each painted a different color, allowing the viewer to visually track change over time. Rulers are organized chronologically, with a brief description of something noteworthy about their life beneath, and marked with color codes connecting them to the country’s border during their reign. This text is all hand stamped, mostly done one letter at a time.